Múltiples son los factores que han llevado a las organizaciones públicas a adoptar formas de administración dentro de las cuales se oponen y se entrelazan diversas lógicas, hoy conocidas como Nueva Gestión Pública, Estado Neoweberiano, Redes de acción pública, Gobernanza o Gobernanza Digital, por citar algunas (Pollitt y Bouckaert, 2011 ; Dunleavy et al., 2006 ; Klijn, 2005). El administrador o gerente público se encuentra así entre tensiones que remodelan su papel (Truss, 2008) y abren interrogaciones sobre las competencias que éste requiere, y quizás más interesante, sobre las competencias que las evoluciones en marcha y por venir demandarán.
Además de algunas transformaciones más documentadas, como las dirigidas por la lógica del desempeño, de la colaboración o de la acción pública reticular (Milward y Provan, 2000 - fuertemente influenciada por el pensamiento de una Sociedad Red de Castells, 2010), algunos autores ven en lo que ha sido llamado la Tercera revolución industrial (Perez, 2005) un cambio de paradigma técnico económico. Este cambio, basado en el paso hacia la economía digital, plantea nuevos desafíos para el Estado y para el administrador público (Rochet, 2013). Entre dichos retos: La comprensión del poder transformativo de las tecnologías digitales;La comprensión del carácter sistémico de los nuevos modelos de desarrollo y del papel particular del sector público; La obsolescencia de algunas competencias del administrador público; Los caminos de regeneración de competencias.
Los principales modelos teóricos de gestión pública, construidos en su mayor parte a partir de análisis de casos exteriores a Iberoamérica (cf. Dussauge Laguna, 2009 para una reseña crítica en español), ganarían en riqueza y robusteza teórica si dialogan y son confrontados con realidades iberoamericanas. Pensamos, además, que los países de esta región son un terreno privilegiado para analizar los cambios en marcha jalonados por las evoluciones técnicas, sociales y económicas que acompañan el desarrollo de lo digital. Para este grupo de trabajo esperamos análisis tanto teóricos como empíricos que porten una reflexión sobre las nuevas competencias del administrador público ante dichas evoluciones.
Institut de Management Public et Gouvernance Territoriale), Universidad Aix-Marseilla, Francia
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GIGAPP
Grupo de Investigación en Gobierno, Administración y Políticas Públicas
GIGAPP
Grupo de Investigación en Gobierno, Administración y Políticas Públicas 